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101.
Purchased materials often account for more than 50% of a manufacturer's product nonconformance cost. A common strategy for reducing such costs is to allocate periodic quality improvement targets to suppliers of such materials. Improvement target allocations are often accomplished via ad hoc methods such as prescribing a fixed, across‐the‐board percentage improvement for all suppliers, which, however, may not be the most effective or efficient approach for allocating improvement targets. We propose a formal modeling and optimization approach for assessing quality improvement targets for suppliers, based on process variance reduction. In our models, a manufacturer has multiple product performance measures that are linear functions of a common set of design variables (factors), each of which is an output from an independent supplier's process. We assume that a manufacturer's quality improvement is a result of reductions in supplier process variances, obtained through learning and experience, which require appropriate investments by both the manufacturer and suppliers. Three learning investment (cost) models for achieving a given learning rate are used to determine the allocations that minimize expected costs for both the supplier and manufacturer and to assess the sensitivity of investment in learning on the allocation of quality improvement targets. Solutions for determining optimal learning rates, and concomitant quality improvement targets are derived for each learning investment function. We also account for the risk that a supplier may not achieve a targeted learning rate for quality improvements. An extensive computational study is conducted to investigate the differences between optimal variance allocations and a fixed percentage allocation. These differences are examined with respect to (i) variance improvement targets and (ii) total expected cost. For certain types of learning investment models, the results suggest that orders of magnitude differences in variance allocations and expected total costs occur between optimal allocations and those arrived at via the commonly used rule of fixed percentage allocations. However, for learning investments characterized by a quadratic function, there is surprisingly close agreement with an “across‐the‐board” allocation of 20% quality improvement targets. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48: 684–709, 2001 相似文献
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103.
针对故障诊断专家系统中专家知识的模糊性和不确定性,给出用模糊Petri网(FPN)模型表示模糊产生式规则(FPR)知识的方法、知识的存储、模糊推理机制及算法的实现。同时,以JCS—020(FANUC)加工中心主轴伺服故障诊断为例,说明该方法在故障诊断专家系统(FDES)中应用的可行性与有效性。 相似文献
104.
Accelerated life testing (ALT) is commonly used to obtain reliability information about a product in a timely manner. Several stress loading designs have been proposed and recent research interests have emerged concerning the development of equivalent ALT plans. Step‐stress ALT (SSALT) is one of the most commonly used stress loadings because it usually shortens the test duration and reduces the number of required test units. This article considers two fundamental questions when designing a SSALT and provides formal proofs in answer to each. Namely: (1) can a simple SSALT be designed so that it is equivalent to other stress loading designs? (2) when optimizing a multilevel SSALT, does it degenerate to a simple SSALT plan? The answers to both queries, under certain reasonable model assumptions, are shown to be a qualified YES. In addition, we provide an argument to support the rationale of a common practice in designing a SSALT, that is, setting the higher stress level as high as possible in a SSALT plan. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2013 相似文献
105.
报道了采用亲和树脂法对相思子毒素蛋白进行反复的SELEX筛选,获得与靶物质结合率这32.5%的富集文库,并克隆得到了单克隆适配子序列,软件模拟了这些序列的二级结构,选择部分序列选择性剪切后利用荧光偏振方法进行检测,对靶蛋白的检测限达到亚nmol量。 相似文献
106.
20世纪20年代中国的留苏教育不仅为中国培养了革命干部,而且为中国共产党造就了一批军事人才。以往人们对前者关注较多,而对后者注意甚少。本文试图探讨20世纪20年代留苏军事教育的发展过程及其与中国国内革命形势的关系和对后来中国革命的影响。 相似文献
107.
近年来,美军利用其先进的信息传输系统,综合运用信息媒介、人际关系、组织机构、生理刺激等多种方式,使心理战趋向系统整合的"云"活动.该种活动范式呈现出心理战主体构成复合化、心理战情报获取渠道网栅化、心理战信息开发系统化、心理战致效路径组合化、心理战作战空间多域化等特点. 相似文献
108.
本文在谐波平衡法的基础上,引进摄动的思想,得出了用解析法解非线性振动问题的一个新的有效方法——摄动谐波平衡法。该方法无需对解的形式及谐波系数的量级预先有所了解,这是谐波平衡法所不能比拟的。另外,该方法使非线性振动问题的求解过程变得简单,只涉及解线性代数方程的运算,不必求解微分方程,这又比Lindstedt-Poincare方法、多尺度方法优越。 相似文献
109.
瞬态激励试验是获得机械系统动态参数的重要方法之一。本文应用瞬态激振法对S1—235超高精度车床的主轴系统进行了动态试验,介绍了瞬态激励法的试验技术、基本原理和信号处理特点,测定了系统的固有频率、阻尼系数和动刚度。并通过Levy曲线拟合方法获得了系统的传递函数。 相似文献
110.
采用能量法,巧妙地导出了裂纹面上作用着均匀压力、幂硬化材料的无限体内部椭圆裂纹的全塑性J积分解,该解的形式为简单的解析式,其解法基于HRR解[1,2]。 相似文献